Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- lore:outlander [2026/03/07 06:50] – ↷ Page moved from mediawiki:outlander to lore:outlander lurker
+++ lore:outlander [2026/04/08 17:54] (current) – lurker
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Outlander =====
+====== Outlander ======
-''This article is about the language. For a resident of the [[Outer_Belt|Outer Belt]] or Moonlitter, see [[The_Outlands|The Outlands]]
-<html><span id="outlander-grammar"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Outlander Grammar ======
-<html><span id="phonology"></html><html></span></html>
+//This article is about the language. For a resident of the Outer Belt
+or Moonlitter, see [[The Outlands]]//
 ===== Phonology =====
+Like all yinrih languages, Outlander possesses a very small phoneme
+inventory when analyzed from a human perspective. The language relies
-Like all yinrih languages, Outlander possesses a very small phoneme inventory when analyzed from a human perspective. The language relies instead on subtle changes in pitch and volume to carry most of the meaning.
+instead on subtle changes in pitch and volume to carry most of the
+meaning.
 It's mostly a CTRL+C, CTRL+V of Commonthroat with the following changes:
   * Gemination is allowed within morphemes, not just at morpheme boundaries. Yips may not be geminated.
   * In addition to short, long, early, and late, there is an overlong timing. Overlong syllables occur in a few restricted environments.
   * Two new tone contours: peaking (low high low) and dipping (high low high)
   * Two new strength contours: cresting (weak strong weak) and troughing (strong weak strong)
   * Overlong syllables may only occur alongside one of these new contours.
-<html><span id="vowels"></html><html></span></html>
 ==== Vowels ====
+^  ^  ^Weak ^ ^Strong^ ^
+^  ^  ^Short^Long^Short^Long^
+^Whines^Low|b|B|c|C|
+^:::   ^High|d|D|f|F|
+^Growls^Low|g|G|h|H|
+^:::   ^High|j|J|k|K|
+^Grunts^Low|l|L|m|M|
+^:::   ^High|n|N|p|P|
+=== Contour Midpoints ===
+^Sound ^Symbol^
-^           ^short weak^short strong^long weak^long strong^
+|low|a|
+|high|e|
-|High Whines|d         |f           |D        |F          |
+|weak|o|
+|strong|u|
-|Low Whines |b         |c           |B        |C          |
+=== Consonants ===
-|High Growls|j         |k           |J        |K          |
-|Low Growls |g         |h           |G        |H          |
-|High Grunts|n         |p           |N        |P          |
-|Low Grunts |l         |m           |L        |M          |
-<html><span id="contour-midpoints"></html><html></span></html>
-==== Contour Midpoints ====
 ^Sound^Symbol^
+|Huff|q|
+|Chuff|r|
+|Yip|s|
+==== Grammar ====
-|a    |low   |
+Outlander uses a symmetric voice system. Focus is marked by syntax, with
+the focus coming first in the sentence. Verbs are marked for the role of
-|e    |high  |
+the focus, with actor, object, benefactor, reason, being indicated.
+Other possible forms include locative and instrumental.
-|o    |weak  |
-|u    |strong|
-<html><span id="consonants"></html><html></span></html>
-==== Consonants ====
-^Sound^symbol^
-|huff |q     |
-|chuff|r     |
-|yip  |s     |
-<html><span id="grammar"></html><html></span></html>
-===== Grammar =====
-Outlander uses a symmetric voice system. Focus is marked by syntax, with the focus coming first in the sentence. Verbs are marked for the role of the focus, with actor, object, benefactor, reason, being indicated. Other possible forms include locative and instrumental.
 Word order is FVA (focus verb arguments).
+Order is Actor, Object, Benefactor...?
+==== Pronouns ====
-Order is Actor, Object, Benefactor,
+Much like Spanish or French, Outlander uses a politeness distinction in
+its pronouns. This distinction is used in the third person as well as
+the second person as is seen in Spanish or French.
+The Outlander term for this is qghrh /huff, short low strengthening
+growl; chuff, short low strong growl/, which means obligation or duty.
+It conveys the social relationship between the speaker and the referent
+of the pronoun.
+The lowest form of obligation is transactional. This is the default form
+you use when you're not sure what else to use.
-<html><span id="pronouns"></html><html></span></html>
+The next form is the amicable. It's used between friends. In some more
+pious corners of Moonlitter, and especially in the indipendent spacer
+city-state Wayfarers' Haven, humans are always addressed with amicable
+pronouns even in situations where the transactional form would be
+appropriate. The transactional/amicable distinction is quickly evolving
+into a species distinction.
+The highest form is the familial, which is used between parents and
+their pups and between litter mates. Some groups of very good friends
+may use familial pronouns among themselves, but this is not universal.
+It usually occurs when friends meet as pups and stay close into
+adulthood.
+It's very important to note that obligation is seen as a reciprocal
+relationship. Addressing someone with familial pronouns doesn't jsut
+mean "I think of you as family" but also "I expect you to treat me
+like family". Using more familiar pronouns when a less familiar form
+is expected is often seen as rude or even vulgar in some contexts,
+especially when a customer addresses an employee, or when employees of a
+business address one another. It's seen as burdening the listener with
+unwelcome obligations or implying a level of closeness that hasn't yet
+been earned.
-===== Pronouns =====
+=== Personal Pronouns ===
+== 1st person ==
-Much like Spanish or French, Outlander uses a politeness distinction in its pronouns. This distinction is used in the third person as well as the second person as is seen in Spanish or French.
+^Singular^Plural Inclusive^Plural Exclusive^
+|lum|pan|lumq|
+== 2nd and 3rd person ==
+^Obligation^Person^Singular^Plural^
+^Transactional^2nd|rb|rB|
+^:::^3rd|rc|rC|
+^Amicable^2nd|sg|sG|
+^:::^3rd|sj|sJ|
+^Familial^2nd|qm|qM|
+^:::^3rd|qp|qP|
+^Reverential^2nd|rgr|rgr|
+^:::^3rd|rkr|rkr|
-The Outlander term for this is ''%%qghrh%%'' /huff, short low strengthening growl; chuff, short low strong growl/, which means //obligation// or //duty//. It conveys the social relationship between the speaker and the referent of the pronoun.
+== Demonstrative Pronouns ==
-The lowest form of obligation is //transactional//. This is the default form you use when you're not sure what else to use.
+^Deixis^Singular^Plural^
+^Proximal|Lr|Lrl|
+^Distal|Mr|Mrm|
+=== Nouns ===
-The next form is the //amicable//. It's used between friends. In some more pious corners of Moonlitter, and especially in the indipendent spacer city-state Wayfarers' Haven, humans are always addressed with amicable pronouns even in situations where the transactional form would be appropriate. The transactional/amicable distinction is quickly evolving into a species distinction.
+== Attributive and possessive postpositions ==
+Ooutlander distinguishes possession and attribution. possession is
+marked with the postposition n /short high weak grunt/, and attribution
+is marked with the attributive postposition g /short low weak growl/. g
+covers situations such as composition and association, while n refers
+specifically to possession. As a rough rule, you use n whenever English
+would use -'s.
-The highest form is the //familial//, which is used between parents and their pups and between litter mates. Some groups of very good friends may use familial pronouns among themselves, but this is not universal. It usually occurs when friends meet as pups and stay close into adulthood.
+    sPL    g   mrrBqqb
+    animal ATT healer
+    veterinarian
+    Jh    g   sFb
+    grass ATT sea
+    steppe
+    Mr   khqkh n   gqqgh
+    that guy   POS tail
+    That guy's tail
-It's very important to note that obligation is seen as a reciprocal relationship. Addressing someone with familial pronouns doesn't jsut mean ΓÇ£I think of you as familyΓÇ¥ but also ΓÇ£I expect you to treat me like familyΓÇ¥. Using more familiar pronouns when a less familiar form is expected is often seen as rude or even vulgar in some contexts, especially when a customer addresses an employee, or when employees of a business address one another. It's seen as burdening the listener with unwelcome obligations or implying a level of closeness that hasn't yet been earned.
+Verbs
+Verbs inflect for the semantic role of the main noun in the clause,
+called the focus or the subject. This is different from its syntactic
+role. In the English sentence The dog bit the man, the dog is the
+syntactic subject and the semantic agent, while the man is the syntactic
+object and the semantic patient. In English, we flip this relationship
+by using the passive voice. The man was bitten by the dog. Here, The man
+is the syntactic subject but the semantic patient. The dog is now an
+optional oblique argument syntacticlaly, but it's still the semantic
+agent.
+verb paradigm
-<html><span id="personal-pronouns"></html><html></span></html>
+^Focus^non past^past^
+|Actor|-|-qJ|
+|Object|-sd|-sD|
+|Benefactor|-rn|-rN|
+|Reason|-qln|-qLN|
+|Locative|-sfb|-sFB|
+|Instrumental|-rjk|-rJK|
+Nonpast Tense Actor Focus
+    bfb gkg lpl
+    bfb gkg-0     lpl
+    pup climb-ACT tree
+    The pup climbs the tree
-===== Personal Pronouns =====
+Past Tense Actor Focus
+    bfb gkgqJ  lpl
+    bfb gkg-qJ lpl
+    pup climb-ACT.P tree
+    The pup climbed the tree.
+    The pup was climbing the tree.
+Nonpast Tense Object Focus
-<html><span id="st-person"></html><html></span></html>
+    lpl gkgsd bfb
+    lpl  gkg-sd       bfb
+    tree climb-OBJ    pup
+    the tree is climbed by the pup.
+Past Tense Object Focus
+    lpl gkgsD bfb
+    lpl  gkgsD       bfb
+    tree climb-OBJ.P pup
+    The tree was climbed by the pup.
-==== 1st person ====
+Nonpast Tense Benefactor Focus
+    lpl gkgrn bfb
+    lpl  gkg-rn bfb
+    tree climb-BEN.NP pup
+    For the tree, the pup climbs [something].
+Past Tense Benefactor Focus
-^SINGULAR^PLURAL INCLUSIVE^PLURAL EXCLUSIVE (Moonlitter only)^
+    lpl gkgrN bfb
+    lpl  gkg-rN bfb
+    tree climb-BEN.P pup
+    For the tree, the pup climbed [something]
-|lum     |pan             |lumq                              |
+The order of arguments
+I don't think I've mentioned this before, but here's how the different
+verb endings change syntax.
+agent verb-ACT patient benefactor/indirect object patient verb-OBJ agent
+benefactor benefactor verb-BEN agent patient cause verb-CAU agent(?)
+patient benefactor
-<html><span id="nd-and-3rd-person"></html><html></span></html>
+Marking Uncertainty
+Outlander marks uncertainty, which covers both interrogatives and a mood
+similar to Commonthroat's nonauthoritative.
+Uncertainty is marked with a particle placed at the beginning of the
+sentence, it is a reduplicated and reduced form of the following
+syllable, phonologically separate from the following word.
-==== 2nd and 3rd person ====
+The particle consists of the onset consonant, if any, of the following
+syllable, followed by a single short plain vowel nearest to the start of
+the vowel of the following syllable. Rising strengthening vowels will
+become low weak, dipping weakening vowels will become high strong, and
+so on. When the following word is already a single short plain syllable,
+the particle is a reduplication of the whole word.
+Etymologically, this particle may have evolved out of a characteristic
+stutter when the speaker is unsure of what they're saying.
+    rb sPsPqJ lum
+    rb     sPsP-qJ    lum
+sg.TR seek-ACT.P 1sg
+    You were looking for me.
-<html><span id="transactional"></html><html></span></html>
+    rb rb sPsPqJ lum
+    rb   rb     sPsP-qJ    lum
+    UNC  2sg.TR seek-ACT.P 1sg
+    Were you looking for me?
+    You were looking for me?
+    l lum sPsPsD rb?
+    l   lum sPsP-sD    rb
+    UNC 1sg seek-OBJ.P 2sg.TR
+    You were looking for ME?
+Reflexive phrases
-=== Transactional ===
+A reflexive meaning can be given to a noun phrase by using the word beb
+/overlong peaking weak whine/ which means self or soul along with the
+possessive postposition n.
+    rb     n   beb
+sg.TR POS self
+    yourself
+Yip Stems
-^Person    ^SINGULAR^PLURAL^
+Yips cannot end a syllable, but some words and affixes end in an implied
+yip that manifests in different ways when an affix is added.
-|2ND PERSON|rb      |rB    |
+For example the word rgug(s) (mud volcano, geyser) is pronounced and
+written rgug when in the singular (which is unfortunately identical to
+the word for cloaca, which many pups and pups at heart find amusing.) In
+the plural, we would expect *rgugq, but because of the implied yip, the
+word takes the form of the plural suffix used for words ending in a
+consonant, -ql, yielding rgugqql.
-|3RD PERSON|rc      |rC    |
+So for yip stems, if a following suffix ends in a vowel, the yip is
+pronounced. If the suffix begins with a huff or chuff, the huff or chuff
+is geminated.
+Imperatives
+The imperative is formed with a special imperative pronoun kr /short
+high strong growl, chuff/. It is in the 2nd person and does not reflect
+obligation or number in either the standard Moonlitter or Partisan
+dialects, but the dialect spoken at Pilgrims' Rest, and subsequently at
+Wayfarers' Haven, has innovated a plural form krql.
-<html><span id="amicable"></html><html></span></html>
+    kr qjK sg n rKGq
+    kr    qjK-0    sg      n   rKG-q
+.IMP wash-ACT 2sg.AMI POS paw-PL
+    Wash your paws.
-=== Amicable ===
-^Person    ^SINGULAR^PLURAL^
-|2ND PERSON|sg      |sG    |
-|3RD PERSON|sj      |sJ    |
-<html><span id="familial"></html><html></span></html>
-=== Familial ===
-^Person    ^SINGULAR^PLURAL^
-|2ND PERSON|qm      |qM    |
-|3RD PERSON|qp      |qP    |
-<html><span id="reverential"></html><html></span></html>
-=== Reverential ===
-^Person    ^SINGULAR^PLURAL^
-|2ND PERSON|rgr     |rgr   |
-|3RD PERSON|rkr     |rkr   |
-<html><span id="demonstrative-pronouns"></html><html></span></html>
-===== Demonstrative Pronouns =====
-^DEIXIS  ^SINGULAR^PLURAL^
-|PROXIMAL|Lr      |Lrl   |
-|DISTAL  |Mr      |Mrm   |
-<html><span id="nouns"></html><html></span></html>
-===== Nouns =====
-<html><span id="attributive-and-possessive-postpositions."></html><html></span></html>
-==== Attributive and possessive postpositions. ====
-Ooutlander distinguishes possession and attribution. possession is marked with the postposition ''%%n%%'' /short high weak grunt/, and attribution is marked with the attributive postposition ''%%g%%'' /short low weak growl/. ''%%g%%'' covers situations such as composition and association, while ''%%n%%'' refers specifically to possession. As a rough rule, you use ''%%n%%'' whenever English would use -'s.
-<code>
-sPL    g   mrrBqqb
-animal ATT healer
-veterinarian
-Jh    g   sFb
-grass ATT sea
-steppe
-Mr   khqkh n   gqqgh
-that guy   POS tail
-That guy's tail
-</code>
-<html><span id="verbs"></html><html></span></html>
-===== Verbs =====
-Verbs inflect for the semantic role of the main noun in the clause, called the focus or the subject. This is different from its syntactic role. In the English sentence //The dog bit the man//, the dog is the syntactic subject and the semantic agent, while the man is the syntactic object and the semantic patient. In English, we flip this relationship by using the passive voice. //The man was bitten by the dog//. Here, The man is the syntactic subject but the semantic patient. The dog is now an optional oblique argument syntacticlaly, but it's still the semantic agent.
-<html><span id="verb-paradigm"></html><html></span></html>
-====== verb paradigm ======
-^Focus       ^NON-PAST^PAST^
-|Actor       |-       |-qJ |
-|Object      |-sd     |-sD |
-|Benefactor  |-rn     |-rN |
-|Reason      |-qln    |-qLN|
-|Locative    |-sfb    |-sFB|
-|Instrumental|-rjk    |-rJK|
-<html><span id="nonpast-tense-actor-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Nonpast Tense Actor Focus ======
-<code>
-bfb gkg lpl
-bfb gkg-0     lpl
-pup climb-ACT tree
-The pup climbs the tree
-</code>
-<html><span id="past-tense-actor-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Past Tense Actor Focus ======
-<code>
-bfb gkgqJ  lpl
-bfb gkg-qJ lpl
-pup climb-ACT.P tree
-The pup climbed the tree.
-The pup was climbing the tree.
-</code>
-<html><span id="nonpast-tense-object-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Nonpast Tense Object Focus ======
-<code>
-lpl gkgsd bfb
-lpl  gkg-sd       bfb
-tree climb-OBJ    pup
-the tree is climbed by the pup.
-</code>
-<html><span id="past-tense-object-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Past Tense Object Focus ======
-<code>
-lpl gkgsD bfb
-lpl  gkgsD       bfb
-tree climb-OBJ.P pup
-The tree was climbed by the pup.
-</code>
-<html><span id="nonpast-tense-benefactor-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Nonpast Tense Benefactor Focus ======
-<code>
-lpl gkgrn bfb
-lpl  gkg-rn bfb
-tree climb-BEN.NP pup
-For the tree, the pup climbs [something].
-</code>
-<html><span id="past-tense-benefactor-focus"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Past Tense Benefactor Focus ======
-<code>
-lpl gkgrN bfb
-lpl  gkg-rN bfb
-tree climb-BEN.P pup
-For the tree, the pup climbed [something]
-</code>
-<html><span id="the-order-of-arguments"></html><html></span></html>
-====== The order of arguments ======
-I don't think I've mentioned this before, but here's how the different verb endings change syntax.
-agent verb-ACT patient benefactor/indirect object patient verb-OBJ agent benefactor benefactor verb-BEN agent patient cause verb-CAU agent(?) patient benefactor
-<html><span id="marking-uncertainty"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Marking Uncertainty ======
-Outlander marks uncertainty, which covers both interrogatives and a mood similar to Commonthroat's nonauthoritative.
-Uncertainty is marked with a particle placed at the beginning of the sentence, it is a reduplicated and reduced form of the following syllable, phonologically separate from the following word.
-The particle consists of the onset consonant, if any, of the following syllable, followed by a single short plain vowel nearest to the start of the vowel of the following syllable. Rising strengthening vowels will become low weak, dipping weakening vowels will become high strong, and so on. When the following word is already a single short plain syllable, the particle is a reduplication of the whole word.
-Etymologically, this particle may have evolved out of a characteristic stutter when the speaker is unsure of what they're saying.
-<code>
-rb sPsPqJ lum
-rb     sPsP-qJ    lum
-sg.TR seek-ACT.P 1sg
-You were looking for me.
-</code>
-<code>
-rb rb sPsPqJ lum
-rb   rb     sPsP-qJ    lum
-UNC  2sg.TR seek-ACT.P 1sg
-Were you looking for me?
-You were looking for me?
-</code>
-<code>
-l lum sPsPsD rb?
-l   lum sPsP-sD    rb
-UNC 1sg seek-OBJ.P 2sg.TR
-You were looking for ME?
-</code>
-<html><span id="reflexive-phrases"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Reflexive phrases ======
-A reflexive meaning can be given to a noun phrase by using the word ''%%beb%%'' /overlong peaking weak whine/ which means //self// or //soul// along with the possessive postposition ''%%n%%''.
-<code>
-rb     n   beb
-sg.TR POS self
-yourself
-</code>
-<html><span id="yip-stems"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Yip Stems ======
-Yips cannot end a syllable, but some words and affixes end in an implied yip that manifests in different ways when an affix is added.
-For example the word ''%%rgug(s)%%'' (//mud volcano//, //geyser//) is pronounced and written ''%%rgug%%'' when in the singular (which is unfortunately identical to the word for //cloaca//, which many pups and pups at heart find amusing.) In the plural, we would expect ''%%*rgugq%%'', but because of the implied yip, the word takes the form of the plural suffix used for words ending in a consonant, ''%%-ql%%'', yielding ''%%rgugqql%%''.
-So for yip stems, if a following suffix ends in a vowel, the yip is pronounced. If the suffix begins with a huff or chuff, the huff or chuff is geminated.
-<html><span id="imperatives"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Imperatives ======
-The imperative is formed with a special imperative pronoun kr /short high strong growl, chuff/. It is in the 2nd person and does not reflect obligation or number in either the standard Moonlitter or Partisan dialects, but the dialect spoken at Pilgrims' Rest, and subsequently at Wayfarers' Haven, has innovated a plural form ''%%krql%%''.
-<code>
-kr qjK sg n rKGq
-kr    qjK-0    sg      n   rKG-q
-.IMP wash-ACT 2sg.AMI POS paw-PL
-Wash your paws.
-</code>
-Verbs in imperative sentences can be in the past tense. In this case they carry the notion that something should have been done but wasn't.
-<code>
-kr qjKqJ sg n rKGq
-kr    qjK-qJ     sg      n   rKG-q
-.IMP wash-ACT.P 2sg.AMI POS paw-PL
-You should have washed your paws.
-</code>
+Verbs in imperative sentences can be in the past tense. In this case
+they carry the notion that something should have been done but wasn't.
+    kr qjKqJ sg n rKGq
+    kr    qjK-qJ     sg      n   rKG-q
+.IMP wash-ACT.P 2sg.AMI POS paw-PL
+    You should have washed your paws.
 Verbs can also be inflected for other focuses besides the actor focus.
+    sg n rKGq qjKsd kr
+    sg      n   rKG-q  qjK-sd   kr
+sg.AMI POS paw-PL wash-OBJ 2.IMP
+    Your paws must be washed.
+    Your paws, wash them.
+    sg n rKGq qjKsD kr
+    sg      n   rKG-q  qjK-sD kr
+sg.AMI POS paw-PL wash-OBJ 2.IMP
+    Your paws should have been washed.
+    Your paws, you should have washed them.
-<code>
+Expressing similes
-sg n rKGq qjKsd kr
+mlem /short low strong grunt; overlong peaking strengthening grunt/
+means likeness or image or "something similar to something else". To
+express similes, you follow a noun phrase with g mlem eg mrBqqb g mlem
+literally "healer likeness" means "like a healer".
-sg      n   rKG-q  qjK-sd   kr
+To say "X is like Y" you use the copula sb, which per an earlier
+post is actually transitive. It means that the actor is among the set of
+entities denoted by the object.
-sg.AMI POS paw-PL wash-OBJ 2.IMP
+    mqgrrgsdq sb rgugq g mlem
+    mqgrrgsd-q sb-0    rgug-q    g   mlem
+    opinion-PL COP-ACT cloaca-PL ATT likeness
+    Opinions are like Cloacas.
-Your paws must be washed.
+g mlem may have fossilized into a postpositive that can be appended to
+whole sentences and not just noun phrases to simply mean "like"
-Your paws, wash them.
+More uses for the attributive postposition
+The locative focus may be used with time phrases
+verb-verb compounds
-sg n rKGq qjKsD kr
+expressing inclination or desire
-sg      n   rKG-q  qjK-sD kr
-sg.AMI POS paw-PL wash-OBJ 2.IMP
-Your paws should have been washed.
-Your paws, you should have washed them.
-</code>
-<html><span id="expressing-similes"></html><html></span></html>
-====== Expressing similes ======
-''%%mlem%%'' /short low strong grunt; overlong peaking strengthening grunt/ means //likeness// or //image// or ΓÇ£something similar to something elseΓÇ¥. To express similes, you follow a noun phrase with ''%%g mlem%%'' eg ''%%mrBqqb g mlem%%'' literally ΓÇ£healer likenessΓÇ¥ means ΓÇ£like a healerΓÇ¥.
-To say ΓÇ£X is like YΓÇ¥ you use the copula ''%%sb%%'', which per an earlier post is actually transitive. It means that the actor is among the set of entities denoted by the object.
-<code>
-mqgrrgsdq sb rgugq g mlem
-mqgrrgsd-q sb-0    rgug-q    g   mlem
-opinion-PL COP-ACT cloaca-PL ATT likeness
-Opinions are like Cloacas.
-</code>
-''%%g mlem%%'' may have fossilized into a postpositive that can be appended to whole sentences and not just noun phrases to simply mean ΓÇ£likeΓÇ¥
-<html><span id="more-uses-for-the-attributive-postposition"></html><html></span></html>
-====== More uses for the attributive postposition ======
-<html><span id="the-locative-focus-may-be-used-with-time-phrases"></html><html></span></html>
-====== The locative focus may be used with time phrases ======
-<html><span id="verb-verb-compounds"></html><html></span></html>
-====== verb-verb compounds ======
-<html><span id="expressing-inclination-or-desire"></html><html></span></html>
-===== expressing inclination or desire =====
-You can use the verb ''%%qlem%%'' //to smell like, to feel an emotion// in front of a subordinate verb to mean //to be inclined to//. Unlike Commonthroat's serial verb constructions, the second verb is inflected in the subordinate state.
-<code>
-lum qlem bqrMr sjGq
-lum qlem-0         SUB-rMr-0  sjGq
-sg smell_like-ACT bq-eat-ACT fruit
-I smell like eating fruit.
-</code>
+You can use the verb qlem to smell like, to feel an emotion in front of
+a subordinate verb to mean to be inclined to. Unlike Commonthroat's
+serial verb constructions, the second verb is inflected in the
+subordinate state.
+    lum qlem bqrMr sjGq
+    lum qlem-0         SUB-rMr-0  sjGq
+sg smell_like-ACT bq-eat-ACT fruit
+    I smell like eating fruit.
 The verb endings must match (for now).
+    sjGq qlemsd bqrMrsd lum
+    sjGq  qlem-sd        SUB-rMr-sd lum
-<code>
+    fruit smell_like-OBJ bq-eat-OBJ 1sg
+    It's fruit a smell like eating.
-sjGq qlemsd bqrMrsd lum
+{{tag>language}}
-sjGq  qlem-sd        SUB-rMr-sd lum
-fruit smell_like-OBJ bq-eat-OBJ 1sg
-It's fruit a smell like eating.
-</code>